Analysis of Emergency Communication Equipment System

Abstract: As part of the emergency communications security system, emergency communications equipment is an indispensable and important means of communication support for responding to and handling all kinds of emergencies and reducing losses caused by disasters, mainly when the public network is destroyed or cannot meet the requirements. Temporary emergency equipment used. This article will classify and introduce emergency communications equipment from a functional and mobile perspective, propose the concept of an emergency communications equipment system, and analyze the current situation of China's emergency communications equipment system.

Keywords: emergency communication, equipment system, emergency communication guarantee

China is a country with many disasters. Emergency communication guarantee is the need of command and control and information transfer at all levels of Party and government agencies in the event of an emergency. It is also a need for enterprises, especially state-owned and large-scale key enterprises, to fulfill their social responsibilities.

The "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Response to Incidents" requires that "the state establish a sound emergency communication security system, improve the public communications network, establish an emergency communications system that combines wired and wireless, basic telecommunications networks, and mobile communications systems to ensure emergencies. Communication to respond to the work flow." Emergency communication security system includes all aspects of organization, emergency plan system, emergency drill mechanism, emergency communication equipment, emergency material reserve and dispatch, and emergency communication team. Among them, all kinds of emergency communication equipment are emergency communication support team to perform communication recovery and communication. The most important means of safeguarding missions mainly refer to the temporary emergency equipment that is used when the public network is destroyed or fails to meet requirements, including communications equipment and special equipment and materials that guarantee the safety of emergency personnel and the normal operation of equipment.

This article will classify emergency communications equipment from the perspective of functionality and maneuverability, detail the characteristics and uses of various types of emergency communications equipment, and propose the concept of emergency communications equipment system based on these two dimensions.

1 Emergency communications equipment divided from the functional point of view

From the perspective of the functionality of the equipment, emergency equipment can be divided into communications equipment, power equipment, auxiliary equipment, logistics equipment and personal protective equipment

1.1 Communication Equipment

The communications equipment provides security for command communications, rescue communications, and public communications during wartime and other emergencies. It usually provides services for companies to engage in normal communications production and business activities. According to the different requirements of emergency command communication and public communication, communication equipment is further divided into command communication equipment and general communication equipment.

( 1 ) Conducting communications equipment

The command communications equipment provides emergency command agencies with voice communications, data transmission, on-site image acquisition and transmission, video conferencing and other services. It also provides emergency workers with communication support based on group voice dispatch. The command communication equipment includes emergency command communication equipment, cluster / intercom communication equipment, broadband wireless data communication equipment, image acquisition and transmission equipment, VSAT satellite communication equipment, BGAN satellite communication equipment, satellite telephone, and shortwave radio.

( 2 ) General communication equipment

General communication equipment provides basic voice communications and Internet access services to serve emergency commanders, emergency response personnel, and public communications. General communication equipment includes public mobile communication network equipment and transmission equipment. The public mobile communication network equipment includes mobile network core equipment and various types of mobile network wireless equipment. Transmission equipment includes PDH microwave equipment, SDH microwave equipment, and non-line-of-sight microwave equipment. Optical transceivers, etc.

1.2 Power Equipment

Communication power supply equipment is used to ensure the power supply of various types of equipment and is mainly divided into power generation equipment, converter equipment and battery equipment.

( 1 ) Power generation equipment: to convert other energy into electricity. Including diesel generators, gasoline generators, gas power generation equipment, solar power generation equipment and human power generation equipment. Gasoline generators are small in size and weight for ease of handling; diesel generators have large output power but high noise; solar power generation equipment is greatly affected by lighting conditions; human power generation equipment is portable, but output power is small.

( 2 ) Converter equipment: including rectifier equipment (switching power supply), inverter, uninterrupted power supply UPS and AC / DC distribution equipment. The flow device can rectify the alternating current into a direct voltage and output it to the DC distribution panel to connect with the load and the battery to supply power to the load and charge the battery. The inverter can convert the DC power of the battery into an AC power supply for use by small loads. The uninterruptible power supply UPS can achieve uninterrupted and transient-free AC communication power.

( 3 ) Battery equipment: Electrical energy storage equipment can convert DC energy into chemical energy, and convert chemical energy into DC energy. When the main power supply is interrupted, it can provide power for communication equipment during the expected period of time. Battery equipment includes valve-regulated lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and solar batteries.

Valve-regulated lead-acid batteries are used to power large devices. Lithium-ion batteries are mainly used for powering mobile terminals.

1.3 auxiliary equipment

The auxiliary equipment is used to assist the emergency protection personnel to carry out communication security and communication restoration work, and is divided into test instruments, positioning equipment, and other materials.

( 1 ) Test Instrument

It provides auxiliary means for the restoration of communication networks and the commissioning of emergency field communication equipment, including mobile communication test instruments, satellite communication test instruments, power equipment test instruments, line test instruments and mobile test terminals.

( 2 ) Positioning equipment

Provide auxiliary means for determining the location of emergency equipment and emergency personnel. The current major positioning systems include GPS in the United States, GLONASS in Russia, Beidou in China, and the GALILEO system in Europe. Taking into account the coverage, functions, services, prices and other factors, the domestic use of GPS positioning system and Beidou navigation and positioning system. The positioning equipment includes GPS positioning terminals, Beidou general terminals and command terminals.

( 3 ) Other materials

It provides installation tools and expendable supplies for the temporary erection of emergency site networks and maintenance of communication networks, mainly including optical fibers, cables, and iron tower angle steels.

1.4 Logistics Support Equipment

Logistical support equipment is used to provide transportation and fuel security for emergency equipment and provide emergency teams with rest, diet, medical and security barriers. Logistics support equipment can be specifically divided into delivery vehicles, equipment support equipment, service support equipment, and life support equipment.

( 1 ) Delivery Vehicles

It is used to transport equipment and personnel through air, land, and water, including helicopters, airborne platforms, transport vehicles, trolleys, assault boats, and rubber boats. The airborne platform is mainly in the form of airships and captive balloons. It is used to carry equipment such as base stations, transmissions, and power supplies at altitudes of 1 000 to 3 000 m .

( 2 ) Equipment Support Equipment

Protection for emergency equipment and tools, including fuel, vehicle tire chains, pumps / pumps, fire extinguishers, shovels for ice and snow disasters, industrial salt and sandbags for flood protection.

( 3 ) Service Guarantee Equipment

The places used to provide temporary services to public users mainly refer to mobile service vehicles and wireless public telephones.

( 4 ) Life Support Equipment

It is used to provide rest conditions and dietary support for the emergency team, including movable board houses for rest, life support vehicles, tents, sleeping bags, water purification equipment for food security, food and water, and emergency medical kits.

1.5 Personal Protective Equipment

Personal protective equipment is a product that protects the body from local or total damage from external sources according to different harmful factors in the production process. The State has requirements for wearing personal protective equipment for different production sites. These requirements also apply to emergency rescue and emergency protection personnel. Personal protective equipment is divided into head protection, eye and face protection, respiratory protection, body protection, foot protection, hand protection and fall protection equipment.

Emergency personnel, as practitioners in the communications industry, must first be equipped with general protective equipment for employees in the communications industry. Microwave radiation is harmful to the central nervous system and cardiovascular system, and employees in the communications industry are more vulnerable to microwave radiation. Therefore, it is necessary to provide anti-microwave radiation equipment as general protective equipment, including: microwave protective clothing, microwave protective caps, and microwaves. Protective gloves and microwave safety glasses. Microwave protective clothing includes one-piece type, segmented type and partial protection type. From the perspective of convenience and practicality, it is recommended to configure the segmented type.

According to GB/T 23463-2009 "protective clothing microwave radiation protective clothing," the provisions of microwave radiation protective clothing protection class is divided into three levels, as shown in Table 1 .

As general protective equipment, the protection level of microwave radiation protective clothing configured by emergency communication support personnel is recommended to reach Class B. In addition, in order to provide emergency communications security under various circumstances of emergencies, special personal protective equipment should be provided for emergency communications personnel in accordance with national and industry standards.

2 emergency communications equipment divided from the perspective of mobility

From the mobility point of view, emergency communications equipment can be delivered on-air, on-board, or by hand to the emergency communications site. According to this, equipment can be divided into empty equipment, vehicle equipment and portable equipment.

2.1 Empty equipment

According to current technological developments, airborne equipment can be divided into aerial aerostat communications equipment and airdrop equipment. The no-load equipment is suitable for heavy and extraordinarily serious emergencies. The ground traffic is destroyed, and I -level communication is required to ensure emergency response. The emergency communication equipment support capability at the place where the incident occurs cannot satisfy the emergency communication guarantee required.

( 1 ) Aerostat communication equipment

Aerodrome communication is a temporary special communication mechanism, with floating platforms as the carrier. The floating platform is equipped with mobile communication equipment, which is responsible for the access of mobile terminals of ground users. It is equipped with aerial acquisition equipment to detect and monitor specific areas, obtain real-time image information, and can be connected to the operator's video system after compression and coding; the floating platform Microwave relay is used to achieve high-speed data transmission with the ground or satellite relay

( 2 ) Airdrop equipment

After the equipment is carried by the helicopter to the vicinity of the incident site, it is airdropped to the ground and an emergency network is temporarily established to ensure emergency communications at the site.

In order to meet the needs of handling extraordinary emergencies, airborne equipment should include command and communications equipment, general communications equipment, and communications power equipment. The equipment is modularly configured according to function and capacity. It is in the form of a container. The size, weight, seismic requirements and packaging of the equipment can be referred to the provisions of “General Requirements for the Loading Environment of Airdropped Goods Fixed on Freight Cargoes on GJB-3228-98 ”. . Containers should be set aside for communication interfaces to facilitate rapid networking on site.

2.2 Vehicle Equipment

According to whether the equipment is fixedly installed, the vehicle equipment is divided into emergency vehicles and loadable equipment. It is suitable for emergent communication guarantee with heavy and extraordinarily serious incidents or major events and ground road conditions.

( 1 ) Emergency vehicle

The equipment is fixedly installed on the emergency vehicle and can perform specific functions independently. Commonly used emergency vehicles include emergency command vehicles, emergency communication vehicles, communication power vehicles, and life support vehicles.

The emergency command vehicle is used for communication between the on-site and command centers. It mainly implements the transmission of voice, data, and images and provides video conference functions. It is a movable on-site command center. The emergency command vehicle consists of image acquisition and coding equipment, basic voice data communication terminals, positioning terminals, individual image transmission equipment, satellite communication vehicle stations, and power supply equipment.

The emergency communication vehicle is an extension of the public mobile communication network and realizes the access of mobile users or the core network element function. It is further divided into core network emergency vehicles, wireless communication emergency vehicles and base station emergency vehicles. The core network emergency vehicle is mainly composed of mobile softswitch core equipment, transmission equipment, and power supply equipment. In extreme cases, the base station controller and base station equipment of the wireless communication emergency vehicle form an independent system to provide mobile users' call services in the disaster area. When a mobile switching office is damaged, it can partially replace the function of the damaged mobile switching office and ensure normal calls for important customers in the area. The emergency vehicle for wireless communication is mainly composed of a base station controller, base station equipment, transmission equipment and power supply equipment. It can access the core switching equipment of the public network and can also access the emergency car of the core network when necessary to provide access services for mobile users. The base station emergency vehicle is mainly composed of base station equipment, transmission equipment and power supply equipment. Since the interface between the base station controller and the base station is not open, it needs to access the public network and its compatible base station controller to provide mobile subscriber access services.

Communication power cars use diesel generators to provide backup power. Large power vehicles are used to provide backup power for the hub building; small power vehicles are used to provide backup power for general building and on-site emergency.

Life support vehicles are used to provide catering services and rest spaces for emergency telecommunication support personnel, and in particular to provide basic livelihood protection for emergency responders in adverse climate areas. Safeguard car configuration catering facilities, toilets, rest rooms, power equipment and so on.

( 2 ) Loadable equipment

Equipment can be transported by vehicle or boat to the scene of the incident. The size, weight and packaging of equipment transported by vehicles shall meet the relevant requirements according to the different vehicles.

The equipment that can be loaded includes communications equipment such as walkie-talkie relay stations, broadband wireless devices, microwave equipment and portable base stations, portable switching power supplies, storage batteries and other power supply equipment, as well as logistics support equipment such as assault boats, pumps, and movable board houses.

2.3 portable equipment

Portable equipment refers to devices that can be manually transported or hand-held and can be operated independently and remotely. It is applicable to the communication guarantee when a serious accident occurs and the road condition is not good or the communication demand is small, and the emergency communication guarantee when a large or ordinary emergency occurs.

( 1 ) Transportable equipment

Equipment that arrives at the scene by carrying or carrying or lifting. Including portable satellite equipment, short-wave radio stations, personal communication equipment and other communications equipment, portable oil and other power equipment, sleeping bags, emergency medical kits and other logistics support equipment and emergency packages and protective clothing and other personal protective equipment.

( 2 ) Handheld devices

Lighter weight, can be hand-held to the scene by the emergency personnel equipment. It includes wireless communication terminal equipment such as satellite phones, walkie-talkies and mobile communication terminals, lithium ion batteries and other power equipment as well as auxiliary equipment such as positioning terminals and test instruments.

3 Emergency Communication Equipment System

Emergency communications equipment functionally covers communications equipment, power equipment, auxiliary equipment, logistical support equipment, and personal protective equipment. From the point of view of maneuverability, it can reach the protection site through no-load, onboard, and portable forms. Considering the two dimensions together, the available equipment systems are shown in Table 2 .

4 Conclusion

This article elaborates on various types of emergency communications equipment from the perspective of functionality and maneuverability, and proposes

In the future, communications companies can strengthen their research and development efforts in the development of aerospace communications equipment and airdrop equipment in line with their own conditions and make up for the emergency

This article from the "modern telecommunications technology " in 2013 the fifth period, re-edited by the Chinese rescue equipment network.